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Primary viva questions

Pharmacology:

• Pharmacokinetic(values of clearance, half time, volume of distribution) & pharmacodynamic  differences between thiopentone and propofol
• Adverse effects of propofol on prolonged infusion, why is propofol not recommended in children for infusion.
• What happens when thiopentone  given as infusion, asked about context sensitive half time and the graphical representations for propofol and  thiopentone.

• Classify antihypertensives
• Tell me about ACE inhibitors
• Mechanism of action and side effects of ACE inhibitors
• Side effects & contraindications of B blockers
• Name selective b blockers

• Afferents and efferents in vomiting reflex,
• vomiting centre and CTZ location and receptors responsible for vomiting
• why CTZ is outside blood brain barrier
• drugs acting on each of the receptors
• side effects of metoclopromide, cyclizine , 5 HT3 antagonists.

• Log dose response curves (draw)
• Why is it logged on x axis
• What is the advantage of the shape of curve
• Can u represent ED50 and ED95 on the curve
• Can u draw log dose response curve of morphine and fentanyl
• Give an example of partial agonist at mu receptors
• Draw dose response curve  for morphine and mu partial agonist

• How do u measure temperature
• Tell me about thermistor and thermocouple and basic principle behind their function.
• Seebeck effect
• Draw graphs for thermistor and thermocouple
• What group of patients do u most commonly see hypothermia.
• What are the most common causes of hypothermia in theatre and how do u prevent them.
• What are the clinical features seen in severly hypothermic patient.( temp of 29 C )

Physiology:

• Describe pain pathway
• What are the changes that occur at the site of injury( substances  released )
• Differences between Aδ fibres and C fibres.( size of the fibres and speed of conduction.)
• What are the various methods to prevent pain at the site of injury.
• What is the mechanism in TENS
• What is the gate theory.

• Starlings forces in capillaries.
• What are the forces and how is the fluid shift regulated.( numerical values in capillaries)
• How are these forces different in pulmonary capillaries and in glomerular capillaries.
• Why is Hydrostatic pressure higher in pulmonary capillaries and lower in glomerular capillaries as compared to else where in the body.
• How do they alter in hypovolaemia and in liver failure

• How is the oxygen carried in the body.
• What is the normal oxygen content in arterial blood.
• Draw oxygen dissociation curve and important points on the ODC
• What is p50
• What is the significance of p50
• Why does the curve reaches only 97% and not 100%
• Can u raise the curve to 100% by giving oxygen
• What are the factors shifting curve to the left.

• What are the acute respiratory changes at  high altitudes
• How long does it lasts
• How does the resp alkalosis compensated
• What happens if the subject stays at high altitude for longer periods.( acclimatisation)
• What are the changes that occur during acclimatisation.

• How do u measure blood pressure.
• Auscultatory method : asked about korotkoffs sounds.
• Advantages and disadvantages
• DINAMAP: how does it measure bp, principle behind it.
• Which one is measured and calculated.
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Which method is Gold standard for measuring bp
• Invasive measurement.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages.
• What is resonance and how do u avoid resonance.
• What is damping and causes of damping.